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When Did Windows 95 Come Out

Written By Wednesday, April 13, 2022 Add Comment Edit

Overview of the version history of Microsoft Windows

Microsoft Windows was appear past Neb Gates on November 10, 1983.[ane] Microsoft introduced Windows as a graphical user interface for MS-DOS, which had been introduced two years earlier.[two] The production line evolved in the 1990s from an operating environment into a fully complete, modern operating system over 2 lines of evolution, each with their own dissever codebase.

The first versions of Windows (1.0 through to 3.11) were graphical shells that ran from MS-DOS. Windows 95, though nonetheless being based on MS-DOS, was its own operating system, using a 16-bit DOS-based kernel[ commendation needed ] and a 32-bit user space. Windows 95 introduced many features that have been part of the product ever since, including the Beginning menu, the taskbar, and Windows Explorer (renamed File Explorer in Windows viii). In 1997, Microsoft released Internet Explorer 4 which included the (at the time controversial) Windows Desktop Update. Information technology aimed to integrate Net Explorer and the web into the user interface and as well brought many new features into Windows, such as the power to brandish JPEG images as the desktop wallpaper and single window navigation in Windows Explorer. In 1998, Microsoft released Windows 98, which also included the Windows Desktop Update and Internet Explorer 4 by default. The inclusion of Internet Explorer 4 and the Desktop Update led to an anti-trust instance in the United States. Windows 98 included USB support out of the box, and as well plug and play, which allows devices to work when plugged in without requiring a organization reboot or transmission configuration. Windows Me, the last DOS-based version of Windows, was aimed at consumers and released in 2000. It introduced Arrangement Restore, Help and Back up Center, updated versions of the Disk Defragmenter and other organisation tools.

In 1993, Microsoft released Windows NT 3.i, the first version of the newly developed Windows NT operating system. Different the Windows 9x series of operating systems, it is a fully 32-bit operating system. NT three.1 introduced NTFS, a file system designed to supplant the older File Allocation Table (FAT) which was used by DOS and the DOS-based Windows operating systems. In 1996, Windows NT iv.0 was released, which includes a fully 32-bit version of Windows Explorer written specifically for it, making the operating arrangement work similar Windows 95. Windows NT was originally designed to be used on loftier-end systems and servers, simply with the release of Windows 2000, many consumer-oriented features from Windows 95 and Windows 98 were included, such as the Windows Desktop Update, Internet Explorer five, USB back up and Windows Media Player. These consumer-oriented features were further extended in Windows XP, which introduced a new visual style chosen Luna, a more user-friendly interface, updated versions of Windows Media Thespian and Internet Explorer, and extended features from Windows Me, such equally the Help and Support Center and System Restore. Windows Vista focused on securing the Windows operating system against calculator viruses and other malicious software past introducing features such every bit User Account Control. New features include Windows Aero, updated versions of the standard games (due east.grand. Solitaire), Windows Moving picture Maker, and Windows Mail to supersede Outlook Express. Despite this, Windows Vista was critically panned for its poor performance on older hardware and its at-the-time high organisation requirements. Windows 7 followed two and a half years subsequently, and despite it technically having higher system requirements,[three] [4] reviewers noted that it ran improve than Windows Vista.[5] Windows 7 removed many applications, such as Windows Picture show Maker, Windows Photo Gallery and Windows Mail, instead requiring users to download separate Windows Alive Essentials to gain some of those features and other online services. Windows 8 introduced many controversial changes, such as the replacement of the Start card with the Start Screen, the removal of the Aero interface in favor of a flat, colored interface as well as the introduction of "Metro" apps (later renamed to Universal Windows Platform apps), and the Charms Bar user interface element, all of which received considerable criticism from reviewers.[half-dozen] [7] [8] Windows 8.1, a free upgrade to Windows eight, was released in 2013.[9]

The post-obit version of Windows, Windows 10, reintroduced the Start menu and added the ability to run Universal Windows Platform apps in a window instead of always in total screen. Windows 10 was generally well-received, with many reviewers stating that Windows 10 is what Windows 8 should accept been.[10] [11] [12]

The latest version of Windows, Windows 11, was released on October five, 2021. Windows 11 incorporates a redesigned user interface, including a new Start bill of fare, a visual mode featuring rounded corners, and a new layout for the Microsoft Shop.[thirteen]

Windows one.0 [edit]

The first independent version of Microsoft Windows, version 1.0, released on November xx, 1985, achieved trivial popularity. The project was briefly codenamed "Interface Managing director" before the windowing arrangement was implemented—opposite to pop belief that it was the original proper noun for Windows and Rowland Hanson, the head of marketing at Microsoft, convinced the company that the name Windows would exist more than appealing to customers.[14]

The logo of Windows 1.x and ii.x

Windows 1.0 was not a complete operating system, just rather an "operating surround" that extended MS-DOS, and shared the latter's inherent flaws.

The commencement version of Microsoft Windows included a simple graphics painting program chosen Windows Paint; Windows Write, a simple give-and-take processor; an date calendar; a card-filer; a notepad; a clock; a control console; a estimator final; Clipboard; and RAM driver. It also included the MS-DOS Executive and a game called Reversi.

Microsoft had worked with Apple tree Computer to develop applications for Apple's new Macintosh computer, which featured a graphical user interface. As office of the related business negotiations, Microsoft had licensed sure aspects of the Macintosh user interface from Apple tree; in subsequently litigation, a district court summarized these aspects as "screen displays". In the development of Windows 1.0, Microsoft intentionally limited its borrowing of certain GUI elements from the Macintosh user interface, to comply with its license. For instance, windows were just displayed "tiled" on the screen; that is, they could non overlap or overlie one some other.

On December 31, 2001, Microsoft declared Windows 1.0 obsolete and stopped providing back up and updates for the organization.

Windows 2.x [edit]

Microsoft Windows version 2.0 (ii.01 and 2.03 internally) came out on December 9, 1987, and proved slightly more popular than its predecessor. Much of the popularity for Windows two.0 came by way of its inclusion as a "run-time version" with Microsoft's new graphical applications, Excel and Discussion for Windows. They could be run from MS-DOS, executing Windows for the duration of their activity, and closing downwards Windows upon get out.

Microsoft Windows received a major heave around this time when Aldus PageMaker appeared in a Windows version, having previously run only on Macintosh. Some computer historians[ who? ] date this, the first advent of a significant and non-Microsoft application for Windows, equally the start of the success of Windows.

Like prior versions of Windows, version 2.0 could use the real-mode retentiveness model, which confined information technology to a maximum of i megabyte of memory. In such a configuration, information technology could run under another multitasker like DESQview, which used the 286 protected mode. It was likewise the showtime version to support the High Memory Area when running on an Intel 80286 uniform processor. This edition was renamed Windows/286 with the release of Windows 2.1.

A carve up Windows/386 edition had a protected fashion kernel, which required an 80386 compatible processor, with LIM-standard Ems emulation and VxD drivers in the kernel. All Windows and DOS-based applications at the fourth dimension were existent mode, and Windows/386 could run them over the protected mode kernel by using the virtual 8086 mode, which was new with the 80386 processor.

Version 2.ane came out on May 27, 1988, followed past version 2.eleven on March thirteen, 1989; they included a few minor changes.

In Apple tree Computer, Inc. v. Microsoft Corp., version 2.03, and later 3.0, faced challenges from Apple over its overlapping windows and other features Apple tree charged mimicked the ostensibly copyrighted "expect and feel" of its operating system and "embodie[d] and generated a re-create of the Macintosh" in its OS. Estimate William Schwarzer dropped all but ten of Apple'southward 189 claims of copyright infringement, and ruled that most of the remaining x were over uncopyrightable ideas.[ citation needed ]

On December 31, 2001, Microsoft declared Windows ii.x obsolete and stopped providing support and updates for the system.

Windows 3.0 [edit]

Windows 3.0, released in May 1990, improved capabilities given to native applications. It likewise allowed users to ameliorate multitask older MS-DOS based software compared to Windows/386, thanks to the introduction of virtual memory.

Windows 3.0's user interface finally resembled a serious competitor to the user interface of the Macintosh computer. PCs had improved graphics by this fourth dimension, due to VGA video cards, and the protected/enhanced mode immune Windows applications to use more retentivity in a more than painless fashion than their DOS counterparts could. Windows three.0 could run in real, standard, or 386 enhanced modes, and was compatible with any Intel processor from the 8086/8088 upwardly to the 80286 and 80386. This was the start version to run Windows programs in protected style, although the 386 enhanced way kernel was an enhanced version of the protected mode kernel in Windows/386.

Windows 3.0 received 2 updates. A few months later on introduction, Windows 3.0a was released as a maintenance release, resolving bugs and improving stability. A "multimedia" version, Windows 3.0 with Multimedia Extensions 1.0, was released in October 1991. This was bundled with "multimedia upgrade kits", comprising a CD-ROM drive and a sound card, such every bit the Creative Labs Audio Blaster Pro. This version was the forerunner to the multimedia features available in Windows 3.one (first released in Apr 1992) and afterwards, and was office of Microsoft's specification for the Multimedia PC.

The features listed above and growing market place support from application software developers made Windows 3.0 wildly successful, selling around x million copies in the two years before the release of version iii.1. Windows 3.0 became a major source of income for Microsoft, and led the company to revise some of its earlier plans. Back up was discontinued on Dec 31, 2001.[xv]

OS/2 [edit]

Main article: OS/two

During the mid to belatedly 1980s, Microsoft and IBM had cooperatively been developing Bone/2 equally a successor to DOS. OS/two would accept full reward of the aforementioned protected mode of the Intel 80286 processor and up to 16 MB of memory. Bone/ii ane.0, released in 1987, supported swapping and multitasking and allowed running of DOS executables.

IBM licensed Windows's GUI for OS/2 as Presentation Managing director, and the ii companies stated that it and Windows 2.0 would be almost identical.[sixteen] Presentation Manager was not available with Bone/ii until version ane.one, released in 1988. Its API was incompatible with Windows. Version one.2, released in 1989, introduced a new file system, HPFS, to replace the Fat file system.

By the early 1990s, conflicts adult in the Microsoft/IBM relationship. They cooperated with each other in developing their PC operating systems, and had access to each other'south code. Microsoft wanted to farther develop Windows, while IBM desired for future piece of work to be based on OS/ii. In an attempt to resolve this tension, IBM and Microsoft agreed that IBM would develop Os/two 2.0, to replace Bone/two i.3 and Windows iii.0, while Microsoft would develop the side by side version, Bone/ii 3.0.

This agreement soon cruel apart however, and the Microsoft/IBM relationship was terminated. IBM continued to develop OS/2, while Microsoft changed the name of its (as nevertheless unreleased) OS/2 3.0 to Windows NT. Both retained the rights to employ OS/two and Windows technology developed up to the termination of the agreement; Windows NT, however, was to be written anew, mostly independently (see beneath).

Subsequently an interim 1.3 version to fix up many remaining bug with the 1.x series, IBM released OS/2 version ii.0 in 1992. This was a major improvement: information technology featured a new, object-oriented GUI, the Workplace Beat out (WPS), that included a desktop and was considered past many to be OS/ii'southward best feature. Microsoft would subsequently imitate much of information technology in Windows 95. Version ii.0 too provided a full 32-bit API, offered smoothen multitasking and could have reward of the iv gigabytes of address space provided by the Intel 80386. However, much of the system had 16-flake lawmaking internally which required, among other things, device drivers to be sixteen-bit code likewise. This was one of the reasons for the chronic shortage of Bone/2 drivers for the latest devices. Version 2.0 could also run DOS and Windows 3.0 programs, since IBM had retained the right to apply the DOS and Windows code as a result of the breakup.

Windows iii.1x [edit]

In response to the impending release of OS/2 2.0, Microsoft developed Windows iii.ane (first released in April 1992), which included several improvements to Windows 3.0, such equally brandish of TrueType scalable fonts (developed jointly with Apple), improved disk performance in 386 Enhanced Fashion, multimedia support, and bugfixes. Information technology besides removed Real Mode, and just ran on an 80286 or better processor. Later Microsoft also released Windows three.11, a bear upon-up to Windows three.1 which included all of the patches and updates that followed the release of Windows three.ane in 1992.

The logo of Windows iii.1.x , NT 3.X

In 1992 and 1993, Microsoft released Windows for Workgroups (WfW), which was available both as an improver for existing Windows 3.1 installations and in a version that included the base of operations Windows environment and the networking extensions all in one package. Windows for Workgroups included improved network drivers and protocol stacks, and support for peer-to-peer networking. There were two versions of Windows for Workgroups, WfW iii.1 and WfW 3.11. Unlike prior versions, Windows for Workgroups 3.11 ran in 386 Enhanced Mode but, and needed at least an 80386SX processor. One optional download for WfW was the "Wolverine" TCP/IP protocol stack, which allowed for piece of cake access to the Internet through corporate networks.

All these versions continued version iii.0'due south impressive sales pace. Even though the 3.1x series nonetheless lacked most of the important features of Os/two, such as long file names, a desktop, or protection of the system against misbehaving applications, Microsoft quickly took over the OS and GUI markets for the IBM PC. The Windows API became the de facto standard for consumer software.

On December 31, 2001, Microsoft declared Windows iii.one obsolete and stopped providing support and updates for the organisation. However, OEM licensing for Windows for Workgroups 3.11 on embedded systems continued to be available until November 1, 2008.[17]

Windows NT iii.x [edit]

Meanwhile, Microsoft continued to develop Windows NT. The chief architect of the system was Dave Cutler, i of the primary architects of VAX/VMS at Digital Equipment Corporation.[eighteen] Microsoft hired him in Oct 1988 to create a successor to Os/two, but Cutler created a completely new system instead. Cutler had been developing a follow-on to VMS at DEC called MICA, and when December dropped the project he brought the expertise and effectually 20 engineers with him to Microsoft. DEC also believed he brought MICA's code to Microsoft and sued.[nineteen] Microsoft eventually paid US$150 million and agreed to support DEC's Blastoff CPU flake in NT.

Windows NT Workstation (Microsoft marketing wanted Windows NT to appear to be a continuation of Windows 3.1) arrived in Beta course to developers at the July 1992 Professional Developers Conference in San Francisco.[20] Microsoft announced at the conference its intentions to develop a successor to both Windows NT and Windows three.1's replacement (Windows 95, codenamed Chicago), which would unify the 2 into one operating system. This successor was codenamed Cairo. In retrospect, Cairo was a much more hard project than Microsoft had anticipated and, as a outcome, NT and Chicago would not be unified until Windows XP—albeit Windows 2000, oriented to business organization, had already unified most of the organization's bolts and gears, information technology was XP that was sold to dwelling house consumers like Windows 95 and came to be viewed as the terminal unified OS. Parts of Cairo accept still not made it into Windows equally of 2020: most notably, the WinFS file organization, which was the much touted Object File System of Cairo. Microsoft announced that they accept discontinued the divide release of WinFS for Windows XP and Windows Vista[21] and volition gradually incorporate the technologies developed for WinFS in other products and technologies, notably Microsoft SQL Server.

Commuter support was lacking due to the increased programming difficulty in dealing with NT'due south superior hardware abstraction model. This trouble plagued the NT line all the style through Windows 2000. Programmers complained that it was also difficult to write drivers for NT, and hardware developers were non going to become through the trouble of developing drivers for a small segment of the market. Additionally, although assuasive for skillful performance and fuller exploitation of organisation resources, information technology was too resources-intensive on limited hardware, and thus was only suitable for larger, more expensive machines.

Nevertheless, these aforementioned features made Windows NT perfect for the LAN server market place (which in 1993 was experiencing a rapid boom, as role networking was becoming common). NT also had advanced network connectivity options and NTFS, an efficient file arrangement. Windows NT version 3.51 was Microsoft's entry into this field, and took away market share from Novell (the dominant player) in the following years.

Ane of Microsoft's biggest advances initially developed for Windows NT was a new 32-fleck API, to supervene upon the legacy xvi-bit Windows API. This API was called Win32, and from and then on Microsoft referred to the older 16-bit API as Win16. The Win32 API had three levels of implementation: the consummate one for Windows NT, a subset for Chicago (originally chosen Win32c) missing features primarily of interest to enterprise customers (at the fourth dimension) such every bit security and Unicode back up, and a more than limited subset called Win32s which could be used on Windows 3.1 systems. Thus Microsoft sought to ensure some degree of compatibility between the Chicago design and Windows NT, fifty-fifty though the two systems had radically different internal architectures.

Windows NT was the first Windows operating organization based on a hybrid kernel. The hybrid kernel was designed as a modified microkernel, influenced by the Mach microkernel developed by Richard Rashid at Carnegie Mellon Academy, but without coming together all of the criteria of a pure microkernel.

As released, Windows NT 3.x went through three versions (3.1, 3.5, and three.51), changes were primarily internal and reflected dorsum finish changes. The 3.5 release added support for new types of hardware and improved performance and data reliability; the 3.51 release was primarily to update the Win32 APIs to be compatible with software being written for the Win32c APIs in what became Windows 95. Support for Windows NT iii.51 ended in 2001 and 2002 for the Workstation and Server editions, respectively.

Windows 95 [edit]

After Windows 3.11, Microsoft began to develop a new consumer-oriented version of the operating system codenamed Chicago. Chicago was designed to have support for 32-bit preemptive multitasking like Bone/ii and Windows NT, although a 16-bit kernel would remain for the sake of backward compatibility. The Win32 API first introduced with Windows NT was adopted as the standard 32-bit programming interface, with Win16 compatibility beingness preserved through a technique known as "thunking". A new object-oriented GUI was not originally planned equally role of the release, although elements of the Cairo user interface were borrowed and added every bit other aspects of the release (notably Plug and Play) slipped.

Microsoft did non change all of the Windows code to 32-chip; parts of it remained xvi-bit (albeit not straight using real way) for reasons of compatibility, performance, and development fourth dimension. Additionally it was necessary to conduct over pattern decisions from earlier versions of Windows for reasons of backwards compatibility, even if these design decisions no longer matched a more modernistic computing environment. These factors somewhen began to impact the operating system'due south efficiency and stability.

The logo of Windows 95 and 98

Microsoft marketing adopted Windows 95 equally the production proper noun for Chicago when information technology was released on August 24, 1995. Microsoft had a double proceeds from its release: kickoff, information technology made information technology impossible for consumers to run Windows 95 on a cheaper, not-Microsoft DOS, secondly, although traces of DOS were never completely removed from the system and MS DOS 7 would be loaded briefly as a part of the booting process, Windows 95 applications ran solely in 386 enhanced style, with a flat 32-fleck address space and virtual memory. These features make it possible for Win32 applications to accost up to two gigabytes of virtual RAM (with some other 2 GB reserved for the operating system), and in theory prevented them from inadvertently corrupting the memory space of other Win32 applications. In this respect the functionality of Windows 95 moved closer to Windows NT, although Windows 95/98/Me did not support more than than 512 megabytes of physical RAM without obscure system tweaks. Three years after its introduction, Windows 95 was succeeded by Windows 98.

IBM connected to market Bone/two, producing later versions in OS/2 3.0 and 4.0 (also called Warp). Responding to complaints most OS/two 2.0's high demands on computer hardware, version three.0 was significantly optimized both for speed and size. Before Windows 95 was released, Bone/two Warp 3.0 was even shipped pre-installed with several big German hardware vendor bondage. Even so, with the release of Windows 95, OS/2 began to lose market share.

It is probably incommunicable to choose one specific reason why OS/2 failed to gain much marketplace share. While OS/2 continued to run Windows 3.1 applications, it lacked back up for anything but the Win32s subset of Win32 API (see higher up). Unlike with Windows iii.ane, IBM did not have access to the source lawmaking for Windows 95 and was unwilling to commit the time and resources to emulate the moving target of the Win32 API. IBM later introduced Bone/2 into the Usa five. Microsoft case, blaming unfair marketing tactics on Microsoft's function.

Microsoft went on to release v different versions of Windows 95:

  • Windows 95 – original release
  • Windows 95 A – included Windows 95 OSR1 slipstreamed into the installation
  • Windows 95 B (OSR2) – included several major enhancements, Net Explorer (IE) 3.0 and full FAT32 file system back up
  • Windows 95 B USB (OSR2.1) – included basic USB back up
  • Windows 95 C (OSR2.5) – included all the higher up features, plus IE 4.0; this was the concluding 95 version produced

OSR2, OSR2.1, and OSR2.5 were not released to the general public, rather, they were available only to OEMs that would preload the Bone onto computers. Some companies sold new difficult drives with OSR2 preinstalled (officially justifying this as needed due to the hard bulldoze's capacity).

The offset Microsoft Plus! add together-on pack was sold for Windows 95. Microsoft ended extended back up for Windows 95 on December 31, 2001.

Windows NT iv.0 [edit]

Microsoft released the successor to NT 3.51, Windows NT four.0, on August 24, 1996, 1 year afterwards the release of Windows 95. It was Microsoft's master business-oriented operating organisation until the introduction of Windows 2000. Major new features included the new Explorer shell from Windows 95, scalability and feature improvements to the core compages, kernel, USER32, COM and MSRPC.[22]

Windows NT 4.0 came in v versions:

  • Windows NT 4.0 Workstation
  • Windows NT four.0 Server
  • Windows NT 4.0 Server, Enterprise Edition (includes support for eight-style SMP and clustering)
  • Windows NT 4.0 Terminal Server
  • Windows NT 4.0 Embedded

Microsoft ended mainstream support for Windows NT 4.0 Workstation on June xxx, 2002, and ended extended support on June 30, 2004, while Windows NT iv.0 Server mainstream support ended on December 31, 2002, and extended back up ended on December 31, 2004. Both editions were succeeded past Windows 2000 Professional person and the Windows 2000 Server Family, respectively.[23] [24] [25]

Microsoft ended mainstream back up for Windows NT 4.0 Embedded on June thirty, 2003, and ended extended support on July xi, 2006. This edition was succeeded past Windows XP Embedded.

Windows 98 [edit]

On June 25, 1998, Microsoft released Windows 98 (code-named Memphis), three years after the release of Windows 95, two years after the release of Windows NT 4.0, and 21 months before the release of Windows 2000. It included new hardware drivers and the FAT32 file organisation which supports disk partitions that are larger than two GB (first introduced in Windows 95 OSR2). USB support in Windows 98 is marketed as a vast improvement over Windows 95. The release continued the controversial inclusion of the Internet Explorer browser with the operating system that started with Windows 95 OEM Service Release ane. The action eventually led to the filing of the The states v. Microsoft case, dealing with the question of whether Microsoft was introducing unfair practices into the market place in an endeavour to eliminate competition from other companies such every bit Netscape.[26]

In 1999, Microsoft released Windows 98 Second Edition, an interim release. Ane of the more notable new features was the addition of Internet Connection Sharing, a form of network address translation, allowing several machines on a LAN (Local Area Network) to share a single Cyberspace connection. Hardware support through device drivers was increased and this version shipped with Internet Explorer 5. Many minor problems that existed in the get-go edition were stock-still making information technology, according to many, the most stable release of the Windows 9x family unit.[27]

Mainstream support for Windows 98 and 98 SE ended on June 30, 2002, and ended extended support on July 11, 2006.

Windows 2000 [edit]

Microsoft released Windows 2000 on February 17, 2000 as the successor to Windows NT 4.0, 17 months after the release of Windows 98. It has the version number Windows NT v.0, and information technology was Microsoft's business organization-oriented operating system starting with the official release on February 17, 2000, until 2001 when information technology was succeeded past Windows XP. Windows 2000 has had 4 official service packs. Information technology was successfully deployed both on the server and the workstation markets. Among Windows 2000's about significant new features was Active Directory, a near-complete replacement of the NT 4.0 Windows Server domain model, which built on industry-standard technologies like DNS, LDAP, and Kerberos to connect machines to 1 another. Terminal Services, previously only available as a split up edition of NT iv, was expanded to all server versions. A number of features from Windows 98 were incorporated also, such equally an improved Device Manager, Windows Media Thespian, and a revised DirectX that made it possible for the showtime time for many modern games to work on the NT kernel. Windows 2000 is besides the last NT-kernel Windows operating system to lack product activation.

While Windows 2000 upgrades were available for Windows 95 and Windows 98, it was not intended for home users.[28]

Windows 2000 was available in four editions:

  • Windows 2000 Professional person
  • Windows 2000 Server
  • Windows 2000 Advanced Server
  • Windows 2000 Datacenter Server

Microsoft ended back up for both Windows 2000 and Windows XP Service Pack two on July xiii, 2010.

Windows Me [edit]

On September 14, 2000, Microsoft released a successor to Windows 98 called Windows Me, short for "Millennium Edition". Information technology was the last DOS-based operating arrangement from Microsoft. Windows Me introduced a new multimedia-editing awarding called Windows Movie Maker, came standard with Net Explorer 5.5 and Windows Media Player 7, and debuted the starting time version of Organisation Restore – a recovery utility that enables the operating system to revert system files back to a prior date and time. System Restore was a notable feature that would keep to thrive in all later versions of Windows.

Windows Me was conceived as a quick one-year project that served as a stopgap release betwixt Windows 98 and Windows XP. Many of the new features were available from the Windows Update site as updates for older Windows versions (Organization Restore and Windows Pic Maker were exceptions). Windows Me was criticized for stability issues, also as for lacking existent manner DOS support, to the point of existence referred to equally the "Mistake Edition."[29] Windows Me was the final operating system to be based on the Windows 9x (monolithic) kernel and MS-DOS, with its successor Windows XP being based on Microsoft's Windows NT kernel instead.

Windows XP, Server 2003 series and Fundamentals for Legacy PCs [edit]

On Oct 25, 2001, Microsoft released Windows XP (codenamed "Whistler"). The merging of the Windows NT/2000 and Windows 95/98/Me lines was finally achieved with Windows XP. Windows XP uses the Windows NT 5.1 kernel, mark the entrance of the Windows NT core to the consumer market place, to replace the crumbling Windows 9x branch. The initial release was met with considerable criticism, particularly in the area of security, leading to the release of three major Service Packs. Windows XP SP1 was released in September 2002, SP2 was released in August 2004 and SP3 was released in Apr 2008. Service Pack 2 provided pregnant improvements and encouraged widespread adoption of XP among both home and concern users. Windows XP lasted longer as Microsoft'southward flagship operating system than any other version of Windows, beginning with the public release on October 25, 2001 for at least v years, and catastrophe on January 30, 2007 when information technology was succeeded by Windows Vista.

Windows XP is available in a number of versions:

  • Windows XP Home Edition, for habitation users
  • Windows XP Professional, for business organization and power users contained a number of features not available in Habitation Edition.
  • Windows XP N, like above editions, but without a default installation of Windows Media Player, equally mandated by a European Matrimony ruling

  • Windows XP Media Center Edition (MCE), released in October 2002 for desktops and notebooks with an emphasis on home amusement. Independent all features offered in Windows XP Professional and the Windows Media Eye. Subsequent versions are the same only have an updated Windows Media Center.
    • Windows XP Media Center Edition 2004, released on September thirty, 2003
    • Windows XP Media Middle Edition 2005, released on Oct 12, 2004. Included the Royale theme, back up for Media Heart Extenders, themes and screensavers from Microsoft Plus! for Windows XP. The ability to join an Agile Directory domain is disabled.
  • Windows XP Tablet PC Edition, for tablet PCs
    • Windows XP Tablet PC Edition 2005
  • Windows XP Embedded, for embedded systems
  • Windows XP Starter Edition, for new computer users in developing countries
  • Windows XP Professional x64 Edition, released on Apr 25, 2005 for domicile and workstation systems utilizing 64-fleck processors based on the x86-64 instruction ready originally developed by AMD as AMD64; Intel calls their version Intel 64. Internally, XP x64 was a somewhat updated version of Windows based on the Server 2003 codebase.
  • Windows XP 64-bit Edition, is a version for Intel'southward Itanium line of processors; maintains 32-flake compatibility solely through a software emulator. It is roughly analogous to Windows XP Professional person in features. It was discontinued in September 2005 when the last vendor of Itanium workstations stopped shipping Itanium systems marketed every bit "Workstations".

Windows Server 2003 [edit]

Windows Server 2003 Desktop

On April 25, 2003, Microsoft launched Windows Server 2003, a notable update to Windows 2000 Server encompassing many new security features, a new "Manage Your Server" wizard that simplifies configuring a motorcar for specific roles, and improved performance. It is based on the Windows NT 5.two kernel. A few services not essential for server environments are disabled by default for stability reasons, most noticeable are the "Windows Audio" and "Themes" services; users take to enable them manually to get sound or the "Luna" look as per Windows XP. The hardware acceleration for display is also turned off past default, users have to turn the acceleration level up themselves if they trust the brandish bill of fare driver.

In Dec 2005, Microsoft released Windows Server 2003 R2, which is actually Windows Server 2003 with SP1 (Service Pack ane), together with an add-on bundle. Amidst the new features are a number of management features for branch offices, file serving, press and visitor-wide identity integration.

Windows Server 2003 is available in six editions:

  • Web Edition (32-bit)
  • Enterprise Edition (32 and 64-bit)
  • Datacenter Edition (32 and 64-bit)
  • Small-scale Concern Server (32-bit)
  • Storage Server (OEM channel simply)

Windows Server 2003 R2, an update of Windows Server 2003, was released to manufacturing on December vi, 2005. It is distributed on 2 CDs, with one CD being the Windows Server 2003 SP1 CD. The other CD adds many optionally installable features for Windows Server 2003. The R2 update was released for all x86 and x64 versions, except Windows Server 2003 R2 Enterprise Edition, which was not released for Itanium.

Windows XP x64 and Server 2003 x64 Editions [edit]

On April 25, 2005, Microsoft released Windows XP Professional x64 Edition and Windows Server 2003, x64 Editions in Standard, Enterprise and Datacenter SKUs. Windows XP Professional x64 Edition is an edition of Windows XP for x86-64 personal computers. It is designed to use the expanded 64-scrap memory address space provided past the x86–64 architecture.[30]

Windows XP Professional person x64 Edition is based on the Windows Server 2003 codebase, with the server features removed and client features added. Both Windows Server 2003 x64 and Windows XP Professional x64 Edition employ identical kernels.[31]

Windows XP Professional x64 Edition is not to be confused with Windows XP 64-scrap Edition, as the latter was designed for Intel Itanium processors.[32] [33] During the initial evolution phases, Windows XP Professional x64 Edition was named Windows XP 64-Scrap Edition for 64-Bit Extended Systems.[34]

Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs [edit]

Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs Desktop

In July 2006, Microsoft released a sparse-client version of Windows XP Service Pack 2, chosen Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs (WinFLP). It is only bachelor to Software Assurance customers. The aim of WinFLP is to give companies a viable upgrade option for older PCs that are running Windows 95, 98, and Me that will be supported with patches and updates for the adjacent several years. Most user applications will typically be run on a remote car using Terminal Services or Citrix.

While beingness visually the same as Windows XP, information technology has some differences. For instance, if the screen has been set to 16 fleck colors, the Windows 2000 recycle bin icon and some XP sixteen-bit icons will prove. Paint and some games similar Solitaire aren't present too.

Windows Home Server [edit]

Windows Home Server (code-named Q, Quattro) is a server product based on Windows Server 2003, designed for consumer use. The system was announced on January seven, 2007 by Bill Gates. Windows Home Server tin be configured and monitored using a console program that tin can be installed on a client PC. Such features as Media Sharing, local and remote bulldoze backup and file duplication are all listed equally features. The release of Windows Domicile Server Ability Pack 3 added back up for Windows vii to Windows Home Server.

Windows Vista and Server 2008 [edit]

Windows Vista was released on November 30, 2006 to concern customers—consumer versions followed on Jan xxx, 2007. Windows Vista intended to have enhanced security past introducing a new restricted user mode called User Account Command, replacing the "ambassador-by-default" philosophy of Windows XP. Vista was the target of much criticism and negative press, and in general was not well regarded, this was seen every bit leading to the relatively swift release of Windows vii.

1 major departure between Vista and earlier versions of Windows, Windows 95 and afterwards, was that the original start button was replaced with the Windows icon in a circle (chosen the Starting time Orb). Vista as well featured new graphics features, the Windows Aero GUI, new applications (such as Windows Calendar, Windows DVD Maker and some new games including Chess, Mahjong, and Purble Identify),[35] Internet Explorer vii, Windows Media Histrion 11, and a large number of underlying architectural changes. Windows Vista had the version number NT half-dozen.0. During its lifetime, Windows Vista had 2 service packs.

Windows Vista shipped in six editions:[36]

  • Starter (merely bachelor in developing countries)
  • Domicile Basic
  • Dwelling house Premium
  • Business
  • Enterprise (only available to big business and enterprise)
  • Ultimate (combines both Home Premium and Enterprise)

All editions (except Starter edition) were available in both 32-bit and 64-bit versions. The biggest advantage of the 64-bit version was breaking the 4 gigabyte memory barrier, which 32-bit computers cannot fully admission.

Windows Server 2008 [edit]

Windows Server 2008, released on February 27, 2008, was originally known as Windows Server Codename "Longhorn". Windows Server 2008 built on the technological and security advances showtime introduced with Windows Vista, and was significantly more modular than its predecessor, Windows Server 2003.

Windows Server 2008 shipped in ten editions:

  • Windows Server 2008 Foundation (for OEMs only)
  • Windows Server 2008 Standard (32-bit and 64-bit)
  • Windows Server 2008 Enterprise (32-bit and 64-scrap)
  • Windows Server 2008 Datacenter (32-bit and 64-bit)
  • Windows Server 2008 for Itanium-based Systems (IA-64)
  • Windows HPC Server 2008
  • Windows Web Server 2008 (32-bit and 64-bit)
  • Windows Storage Server 2008 (32-bit and 64-bit)
  • Windows Small Business Server 2008 (64-bit only)
  • Windows Essential Business Server 2008 (32-flake and 64-chip)

Windows 7 and Server 2008 R2 [edit]

Windows 7 was released to manufacturing on July 22, 2009, and reached general retail availability on Oct 22, 2009.[37] [38] Since its release, Windows 7 had ane service pack.

Some features of Windows 7 were faster booting, Device Stage, Windows PowerShell, less obtrusive User Account Command, multi-touch, and improved window management.[39] Features included with Windows Vista and not in Windows vii include the sidebar (although gadgets remain) and several programs that were removed in favor of downloading their Windows Live counterparts.

Windows 7 shipped in six editions:[forty]

  • Starter (bachelor worldwide)
  • Home Bones
  • Dwelling house Premium
  • Professional person
  • Enterprise (available to volume-license business customers only)
  • Ultimate

In some countries (Republic of austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Republic of cyprus, Czech Commonwealth, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Uk, Hellenic republic, Hungary, Iceland, Republic of ireland, Italy, Republic of latvia, Liechtenstein, Republic of lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Espana, Sweden, and Switzerland)[ citation needed ], in that location were other editions that lacked some features such as Windows Media Player, Windows Media Eye and Internet Explorer—these editions were called names such every bit "Windows 7 N." Microsoft focused on selling Windows 7 Dwelling house Premium and Professional person. All editions, except the Starter edition, were available in both 32-fleck and 64-bit versions. Dissimilar the corresponding Vista editions, the Professional and Enterprise editions were supersets of the Habitation Premium edition.

At the Professional Developers Conference (PDC) 2008, Microsoft also announced Windows Server 2008 R2, as the server variant of Windows vii. Windows Server 2008 R2 shipped in 64-bit versions (x64 and Itanium) only.

Windows Thin PC [edit]

In 2010, Microsoft released Windows Thin PC or WinTPC, which was a feature-and size-reduced locked-downward version of Windows 7 expressly designed to turn older PCs into thin clients. WinTPC was bachelor for software assurance customers and relied on cloud computing in a business network. Wireless functioning is supported since WinTPC has full wireless stack integration, only wireless operation may not be as good every bit the operation on a wired connection.[41] [42]

Windows Dwelling Server 2011 [edit]

Windows Dwelling Server 2011 code named 'Vail'[43] was released on April 6, 2011.[44] Windows Home Server 2011 is built on the Windows Server 2008 R2 code base and removed the Drive Extender drive pooling technology in the original Windows Home Server release.[45] Windows Home Server 2011 is considered a "major release".[43] Its predecessor was congenital on Windows Server 2003. WHS 2011 only supports x86-64 hardware.

Microsoft decided to discontinue Windows Abode Server 2011 on July 5, 2012 while including its features into Windows Server 2012 Essentials.[46] Windows Home Server 2011 was supported until April 12, 2016.[47]

Windows 8 and Server 2012 [edit]

On October 26, 2012, Microsoft released Windows 8 to the public. 1 edition, Windows RT, runs on some organisation-on-a-chip devices with mobile 32-bit ARM (ARMv7) processors. Windows eight features a redesigned user interface, designed to make information technology easier for touchscreen users to use Windows. The interface introduced an updated Commencement bill of fare known as the Kickoff screen, and a new full-screen application platform. The desktop interface is also present for running windowed applications, although Windows RT will not run any desktop applications not included in the arrangement. On the Building Windows 8 blog, information technology was appear that a computer running Windows 8 can boot up much faster than Windows 7.[48] New features also include USB 3.0 support, the Windows Store, the ability to run from USB drives with Windows To Go, and others. Windows eight was given the kernel number NT 6.two, with its successor eight.one receiving the kernel number 6.iii. And then far, neither has had any service packs yet, although many consider Windows 8.1 to be a service pack for Windows 8.

Windows 8 is available in the post-obit editions:

  • Windows 8
  • Windows eight Pro
  • Windows viii Enterprise
  • Windows RT

The first public preview of Windows Server 2012 and was also shown by Microsoft at the 2011 Microsoft Worldwide Partner Conference.[49]

Windows eight Release Preview and Windows Server 2012 Release Candidate were both released on May 31, 2012.[l] Product development on Windows 8 was completed on Baronial 1, 2012, and information technology was released to manufacturing the same twenty-four hours.[51] Windows Server 2012 went on sale to the public on September 4, 2012. Windows eight went on sale October 26, 2012.

Windows 8.i and Windows Server 2012 R2 were released on October 17, 2013. Windows 8.one is available as an update in the Windows Shop for Windows 8 users only and also bachelor to download for clean installation.[52] The update adds new options for resizing the live tiles on the Start screen.[53]

Windows ten and afterward Server versions [edit]

Windows ten is the current release of the Microsoft Windows operating organization. Unveiled on September 30, 2014, it was released on July 29, 2015.[54] It was distributed without charge to Windows 7 and 8.ane users for one year subsequently release. A number of new features like Cortana, the Microsoft Edge web browser, the power to view Windows Shop apps as a window instead of fullscreen, virtual desktops, revamped core apps, Continuum, and a unified Settings app were all features debuted in Windows x.

Stable releases [edit]

Year 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
1st Half North/A 1703 1803 1903 2004 21H1
2nd Half 1507 1511 1607 1709 1809 1909 20H2 21H2
  • Version 1507 (codenamed Threshold i) was the original version of Windows ten and released in July 2015.[55]
  • Version 1511, announced as the November Update and codenamed Threshold 2. Information technology was released in November 2015. This update added many visual tweaks, such as more consistent context menus and the power to change the colour of window titlebars. Windows 10 tin now be activated with a product key for Windows 7 and subsequently, thus simplifying the activation process and essentially making Windows 10 costless for anyone who has Windows vii or later, even after the gratuitous upgrade flow ended. A "Find My Device" characteristic was added, assuasive users to track their devices if they lose them, similar to the Observe My iPhone service that Apple offers. Controversially, the Start menu at present displays "featured apps". A few tweaks were added to Microsoft Border, including tab previews and the ability to sync the browser with other devices running Windows 10.[56] [57] Kernel version number: 10.0.10586.
  • Version 1607, announced as the Anniversary Update and codenamed Redstone 1. It was the first of several planned updates with the "Redstone" codename. Its version number, 1607, means that it was supposed to launch in July 2016, notwithstanding it was delayed until August 2016. Many new features were included in the version, including more than integration with Cortana, a dark theme, browser extension support for Microsoft Border, click-to-play Flash by default, tab pinning, web notifications, swipe navigation in Edge, and the ability for Windows Hullo to apply a fingerprint sensor to sign into apps and websites, similar to Bear on ID on the iPhone. Also added was Windows Ink, which improves digital inking in many apps, and the Windows Ink Workspace which lists pen-compatible apps, as well as quick shortcuts to a sticky notes app and a sketchpad. Microsoft, through their partnership with Canonical, integrated a full Ubuntu bash shell via the Windows Subsystem for Linux. Notable tweaks in this version of Windows 10 include the removal of the controversial password-sharing feature of Microsoft's Wi-Fi Sense service, a slightly redesigned Start menu, Tablet Mode working more than like Windows eight, overhauled emoji, improvements to the lock screen, calendar integration in the taskbar, and the Blue Screen of Expiry now showing a QR lawmaking which users can browse to apace find out what caused the error.[58] This version of Windows ten'southward kernel version is x.0.14393.
  • Version 1703, announced as the Creators Update and codenamed Redstone 2. Features for this update include a new Paint 3D application, which allows users to create and modify 3D models, integration with Microsoft'due south HoloLens and other "mixed-reality" headsets produced past other manufacturers, Windows My People, which allows users to manage contacts, Xbox game broadcasting, back up for newly developed APIs such as WDDM ii.two, Dolby Atmos support, improvements to the Settings app, and more Edge and Cortana improvements. This version also included tweaks to system apps, such as an accost bar in the Registry Editor, Windows PowerShell being the default command line interface instead of the Command Prompt and the Windows Subsystem for Linux beingness upgraded to support Ubuntu 16.04.[59] This version of Windows 10 was released on April eleven, 2017 equally a gratis update.[60]
  • Version 1709, announced as the Fall Creators Update and codenamed Redstone 3. It introduced a new design linguistic communication—the Fluent Design Arrangement and incorporates it in UWP apps such as Calculator. It also added new features to the photos application, which were once available simply in Windows Moving picture Maker.
  • Version 1803, announced as the Apr 2018 Update and codenamed Redstone 4 introduced Timeline, an upgrade to the task view screen such that it has the power to show past activities and permit users resume them. The respective icon on the taskbar was also inverse to reflect this upgrade. Strides were taken to contain Fluent Design into Windows, which included adding Acrylic transparency to the Taskbar and Taskbar Flyouts. The Settings App was likewise redesigned to have an Acrylic left pane. Variable Fonts were introduced.
  • Version 1809, announced as the Windows 10 October 2018 Update and codenamed Redstone v among new features, introduced Dark Mode for File Explorer, Your Phone App to link Android phone with Windows 10, new screenshot tool called Snip & Sketch, Brand Text Bigger for easier accessibility, and Clipboard History and Cloud Sync.
  • Version 1903, appear every bit the Windows 10 May 2019 Update, codenamed 19H1, was released on May 21, 2019. It added many new features including the add-on of a light theme to the Windows shell and a new feature known every bit Windows Sandbox, which immune users to run programs in a throwaway virtual window.
  • Version 1909, appear every bit the Windows 10 Nov 2019 Update, codenamed 19H2, was released on November 12, 2019. It unlocked many features that were already present, only hidden or disabled, on 1903, such as an auto-expanding menu on Get-go while hovering the mouse on it, OneDrive integration on Windows Search and creating events from the taskbar'due south clock. Some PCs with version 1903 had already enabled these features without installing 1909.
  • Version 2004, appear every bit the Windows ten May 2020 Update, codenamed 20H1, was released on May 27, 2020. Information technology introduces several new features such as renaming virtual desktops, GPU temperature control and type of deejay on task director, chat-based interface and window appearance for Cortana, and cloud reinstalling and quick searches (depends from region) for search home.
  • Version 20H2, announced as the Windows x October 2020 Update, codenamed 20H2, was released on October 20, 2020. It introduces resizing the start bill of fare panels, a graphing mode for Calculator, procedure architecture view on task director's Details pane, and optional drivers commitment from Windows Update and an updated in-use location icon on taskbar.
  • Version 21H1, announced equally the Windows 10 May 2021 Update, codenamed 21H1, was released on May 18, 2021.
  • Version 21H2, appear as the Windows 10 November 2021 Update, codenamed 21H2, was released on November xvi, 2021.

Windows Server 2016 [edit]

Windows Server 2016 is a release of the Microsoft Windows Server operating organization that was unveiled on September 30, 2014. Windows Server 2016 was officially released at Microsoft's Ignite Conference, September 26–30, 2016.[61] It is based on the Windows 10 Ceremony Update codebase.

Windows Server 2019 [edit]

Windows Server 2019 is a release of the Microsoft Windows Server operating system that was announced on March 20, 2018. The first Windows Insider preview version was released on the same day. It was released for general availability on October 2, 2018. Windows Server 2019 is based on the Windows ten Oct 2018 Update codebase.

On October 6, 2018, distribution of Windows version 1809 (build 17763) was paused while Microsoft investigated an issue with user data beingness deleted during an in-place upgrade. It afflicted systems where a user profile binder (e.g. Documents, Music or Pictures) had been moved to another location, but data was left in the original location. Equally Windows Server 2019 is based on the Windows version 1809 codebase, it likewise was removed from distribution at the time, simply was re-released on Nov 13, 2018. The software product life cycle for Server 2019 was reset in accordance with the new release date.

Windows Server 2022 [edit]

Windows Server 2022 is a release of the Microsoft Windows Server operating organisation which is based on the Windows 10 Nov 2021 Update codebase.

Windows xi [edit]

Windows xi is the next generation release of Windows NT, and the successor to Windows 10. Codenamed "Sun Valley," it was unveiled on June 24, 2021, and was released on October five, 2021.[62] It volition be distributed for free to all Windows x users with compatible PCs via a Windows Update. Microsoft's PC Health Check App lets you check compatibility for your PC. Co-ordinate to Microsoft, Windows 11 will exist released for newer PCs first and so the initial release will go along till mid 2022. Windows 11 revamps the GUI and brings modernistic code, thus making it much faster than Windows 10. Information technology is also noted that Windows xi updates are significantly compressed, then the updates are downloaded faster. As well, Windows 11 does not show signs of the 'Installing Updates' screen while installing updates during 'Update and Restart' stage, thus finishing updates inside 5 minutes.

Windows 365 [edit]

On July 14, 2021 Microsoft announced Windows 365. Since it is going to run on cloud and be streamed to user'southward device, it tin can be used from many devices, even on smartphones and other devices. It will exist mainly for business users. Now, information technology supports Windows 10 and Windows 11 too.[63]

Come across also [edit]

  • Comparison of operating systems
  • History of operating systems
  • List of Microsoft codenames

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Farther reading [edit]

  1. Miller, Michael (October 12, 2005). "Twenty Years of Windows". PC Magazine. Ziff Davis. Retrieved May xv, 2011.

When Did Windows 95 Come Out,

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows_version_history

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